JOURNAL SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH

A NOVEL APPROACH TO DYNAMIC CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION IN THE TOR NETWORK FOR TRAFFIC ANONYMIZATION

2025-11-17T04:04:31+02:00

This scientific article presents a new approach for dynamically configuring Tor circuits in response to real-time network conditions and potential threats. In contrast to the traditional static path selection used in Tor, the proposed method applies an adaptive algorithm that selects relay nodes according to both anonymity and performance criteria. The system was tested in simulated network environments under different adversarial scenarios. The results show a clear decrease in the likelihood of traffic correlation attacks when compared with the default Tor protocol. Overall, the approach offers a practical way to strengthen the anonymity and stability of the Tor network while maintaining acceptable performance levels.

DEVELOPMENT OF A COLOR PIXEL PROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS SELF-EVALUATION MODEL

2025-11-16T12:33:47+02:00

A series of studies establishes the foundation for the development of algorithms, the potential application of which will facilitate the practical implementation of a model based on the Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT). The creation of algorithmic code would provide a programming toolkit applicable across various domains of human activity, specifically for the expert evaluation of individual behavior. The proposed algorithm is grounded in classification based on color ranges (and by extension, personality types), implemented through programmatically defined coded logic. The fundamental steps of the algorithm's logic are outlined. For each personality trait — Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism — a set of reference HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) colors is redefined.

EVALUATION OF FORECASTING METHODS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF ACCURACY AND COMPUTATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

2025-11-16T12:26:13+02:00

Forecasting photovoltaic (PV) production is an essential component for the successful integration of renewable energy into electricity grids. In this paper, four main groups of methods are evaluated: statistical, physical, machine learning-based, and hybrid. An analysis is made in terms of accuracy, computational complexity and applicability using an evaluation scale. The results show that hybrid models appear particularly promising, as they combine the main strengths of the other approaches.

MODEL ARCHITECTURE AND PERSPECTIVES OF FEDERATED LEARNING FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN BULGARIA

2025-11-16T12:19:18+02:00

This paper presents a review of the application of Federated Learning (FL) in sustainable agriculture, with a specific focus on its potential integration within the Bulgarian agricultural sector. FL is a decentralized machine learning technology that enables multiple data sources to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data, thus preserving privacy and improving data security. The approach supports optimization of irrigation, fertilization, and pest control through locally adapted models and predictive analytics. The study analyzes the architecture, advantages, and limitations of FL, reviewing international case studies and exploring its relevance to Bulgarian conditions, such as regional climate variability and diverse soil types. Emphasis is placed on the potential role of FL in enhancing decision-making, reducing environmental impact, and supporting digital transformation in agriculture. Recommendations for implementation in Bulgarian farms and research institutions are also provided.

INDUSTRY 4.0+ AND THE FACTORYOF THE FUTURE: TOWARD INTELLIGENT, FLEXIBLE, AND SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING

2025-11-16T12:10:19+02:00

The continuous evolution of industrial systems marks the transition from conventional automation toward intelligent, adaptive, and networked manufacturing ecosystems, collectively known as Industry 4.0. This transformation integrates cyber-physical systems (CPS), artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) to create highly flexible, efficient, and responsive production environments. With the rapid advancement of 5G and the emerging 6G communication technologies, a new phase of industrial development—Industry 4.0+—is envisioned. This next-generation paradigm emphasizes ultra-low latency, machine-to-machine communication, predictive maintenance, and collaborative automation, enabling a fully connected and self-optimizing industrial environment. The paper explores the technological foundations, core principles, and practical implications of Industry 4.0+, focusing on wireless communication, motion control, AI-driven robotics, sustainability, and collective automation in the factory of the future.

EXPLAINING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: APPROACHES TO INTEGRATION IN AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2025-11-16T12:01:41+02:00

This paper provides a systematic review of approaches for integrating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into educational Automated Information Systems (AIS). It categorizes XAI methods into post-hoc explanations, inherently interpretable models, hybrid approaches, and calibration/visualization techniques, analyzing their strengths, limitations, and applicability for tasks such as learner dropout prediction, early warning, and personalized mentoring. Practical examples illustrate the benefits and challenges of XAI adoption, including the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability, technical barriers, and privacy concerns. Future directions include role-adaptive explanations, visual and interactive interfaces, and standardized quality metrics for educational contexts.

BYPASSING DEFENSES THROUGH HUMAN MANIPULATION USING REVERSE TCP CONNECTIONS AND CUSTOM PAYLOADS

2025-11-16T11:48:43+02:00

This article explores a sophisticated cyberattack method that bypasses technical defenses by targeting human psychology. Instead of attacking systems directly, this approach uses the Social Engineering Toolkit (SET) to create convincing deceptive campaigns that persuade users to inadvertently initiate the attack themselves. A key technical element involves generating a custom Meterpreter payload, which is programmed to establish a Reverse TCP connection. This creates a stealthy command and control channel by having the compromised system "call back" to an attacker-controlled server, granting remote access. Our work demonstrates how this powerful fusion of human manipulation and technical execution poses a significant threat that often evades conventional, technology-focused security measures.

A COMPREHENSIVE METHODOLOGY FOR NETWORK ASSET IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING

2025-11-16T11:36:58+02:00

This article presents a structured methodology for network asset discovery and mapping, combining both passive and active reconnaissance techniques. The framework strategically employs specialized tools, such as p0f for passive OS fingerprinting and Netdiscovery for initial host enumeration, to build a foundational network map while minimizing the risk of triggering alerts. Deeper information gathering is performed using the Dmitry toolkit, and Amap is applied for advanced service and application protocol detection on identified ports. The methodology is further enhanced through Etherape, which provides real-time visualization of network traffic, allowing correlation between observed flows and actively collected data. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of this integrated approach, showing a more complete and accurate network asset inventory compared to traditional, non-integrated tool usage.

AN INNOVATIVE MODEL FOR FORMING FINANCIAL LITERACY

2025-11-16T11:18:47+02:00

This scientific article presents an innovative model for the formation of financial literacy. The model is based on cognitive development, focusing on the contact environment with which children/individuals of different age groups interact. The model presents the understanding of money as a personal value, which should be formed in the relevant age range. Financial literacy, through upbringing and training, should be built on the basis of the cognitive development and mental capabilities of children and adults.

NATO'S ROLE IN A NON-MILITARY CRISIS

2025-11-16T10:19:22+02:00

The article analyzes NATO's role in managing non-military crises, emphasizing its adaptation to modern security challenges such as pandemics, natural disasters, and cyber threats. It outlines the strategic framework of NATO’s crisis management, its cooperation with the EU and the UN, and its increasing involvement in humanitarian and civil protection operations. The study argues that NATO’s approach reflects a transformation from a traditional defense alliance to a multidimensional security actor focused on resilience and stability.

CHALLENGES FACING MODERN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

2025-11-16T10:11:50+02:00

The article explores the challenges and opportunities facing modern mechanical engineering applications in the era of Industry 4.0. It analyzes the integration of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and additive manufacturing into the traditional production environment. Emphasis is placed on digital transformation, automation, and smart factory concepts, which redefine design, production, and maintenance processes. The paper also addresses human and organizational challenges, such as workforce upskilling, digital culture, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The discussion concludes with an outlook on Industry 5.0, focusing on human-centered innovation and sustainable manufacturing.

CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED SECURITY MANAGEMENT MODELS: ORGANIZATIONAL CHOICE AND STRATEGIC APPLICABILITY

2025-11-16T10:02:40+02:00

This study examines the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of centralized, decentralized, and hybrid security management models in contemporary organizations. Based on a comparative analysis and an organizational maturity-based approach, a framework for strategic model selection is proposed. The study highlights the importance of adaptability and integration between central control and local responsibility, especially in the context of modern cyber threats, globalization, and regulatory requirements [1,2].

CHALLENGES AND MEASURES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SECURITY AT THE LOCAL LEVEL DURING THE INTRODUCTION OF THE EUROPEAN CURRENCY UNIT (EURO) IN BULGARIA

2025-11-16T01:49:01+02:00

The topic of administrative security at the local level during the introduction of the euro in Bulgaria examines the main challenges and measures that local authorities need to undertake for the successful integration of the new currency in the country. With the transition to the euro, Bulgaria will need to ensure not only technical and logistical readiness but also efficient administrative processes that guarantee the security of the financial system. In this context, potential risks such as inflation, uncontrolled price increases, and public dissatisfaction, as well as social barriers related to the population's adaptation to the new currency, are analyzed. Undertaking serious measures for training public employees, adapting information technologies, and ensuring transparency in financial operations will be crucial to overcoming these challenges. Additionally, it is important for local authorities to coordinate their actions with the private sector and financial institutions to ensure a smooth transition to the euro. The strategies and practices implemented at the local level will determine the success of the overall process and strengthen the country's economic stability in the long term.

CHALLENGES, EMERGING TRENDS, AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF REAL-TIME GIS

2025-11-16T00:18:55+02:00

The paper examines the challenges, emerging trends, and future prospects for the development of real-time Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The first part analyzes the key challenges associated with the implementation and maintenance of such systems, including technical and infrastructural issues, data security and privacy, and the integration of heterogeneous data sources. The second part emphasizes future trends, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the advancement of 5G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud technologies, predictive analytics, as well as the expanded application of real-time GIS across various sectors, including healthcare, urban planning, energy, and agriculture. The main objective of the study is to outline the key directions for the development of real-time GIS and to highlight their importance for effective resource management, infrastructure oversight, and risk assessment in contemporary society.

NEW DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2025-11-15T23:04:36+02:00

This text explores the nature, applications, and challenges of new digital technologies as a key driver of transformation in the modern economy and society.

The first chapter defines the concept of “digital technologies” and presents the main technological domains-artificial intelligence, big data, the internet of things, cloud computing, blockchain, and digital twins. Their core characteristics, such as scalability, network effects, and data-driven models, are highlighted.

The second chapter analyzes the application of digital technologies across different sectors-services, healthcare, and education-showing how they stimulate innovation, productivity, and competitiveness. The discussion also covers the broader socio-economic effects, including changes in the labor market and skills, digital inequality, and the digitalization of public services.

The third chapter outlines the main challenges of digital transformation: technological integration, lack of standardized frameworks, digital divides, and ethical and security concerns. Future research directions are identified, focusing on multi-level analysis, sustainability, measurement and methodological development, and the inclusion of small and medium-sized enterprises and developing economies.

SYSTEM FOR SHIFT OPTIMIZATION THROUGH COGNITIVE FATIGUE: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

2025-11-15T22:57:06+02:00

This paper presents an innovative system for workforce scheduling and optimization that integrates quantitative analysis of operators’ cognitive fatigue. Traditional scheduling models focus on staff availability and minimum task coverage while neglecting the dynamic nature of the human factor [12]. The proposed method utilizes data from behavioral and biometric sensors, combined with machine learning algorithms, to predict the onset of critical cognitive fatigue. This enables proactive and dynamic redistribution of tasks and breaks to minimize human error, enhance safety [3], and maintain consistently high productivity levels. Simulation study results demonstrate a significant reduction in error risk compared to standard rotational schedules.

THE ROLE OF REVERSE LOGISTICS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

2025-11-15T22:39:29+02:00

Reverse logistics is emerging as a key mechanism for implementing a circular economy and sustainable agriculture in the face of economic, social, and environmental challenges in the agricultural sector. This report analyzes the conceptual foundations of reverse logistics, its specifics, and its application in sustainable agriculture.

BASIC STANDARD ELEMENTS IN LOGISTICS

2025-11-15T22:27:53+02:00

The paper examines the relationship between standardization and logistics, through the application of the most - widely used methods for transporting goods by means of different transportation. It also deals with the issues of securing cargo, grippers for loading - unloading work and storage systems as parts of the logistic system.

PRESENT TECHNIQUES FOR SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF EARTH DEFORMATIONS USING DINSAR AND GNSS

2025-11-15T22:20:06+02:00

One of the significant problems facing Earth sciences is the quantitative description and analysis of the dynamics of the Earth's surface. A key requirement in solving this fundamental question is the precise determination of the displacements and deformations caused by various geodynamic processes of natural or anthropogenic origin.

In recent decades, Earth observation has become widely used in disaster risk management – including preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. Its role in disaster response is particularly valuable, as it provides critical information for researchers and decision-makers.

Earth observation is the collection of data about the planet through remote sensing technologies, which are often complemented by ground-based surveys. This approach has fundamentally changed the way we perceive the world, enabling timely and accurate mapping and monitoring of phenomena on a large scale.

An established method for continuous monitoring of earth deformations is the use of data from active radar remote sensing. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides information that serves as the basis for the construction of interferometric images (IFIs) by quantifying the displacements of the Earth's surface within a specified time interval using the technique of differential radar interferometry (DInSAR) by analysing the phase differences between radar images taken at different times.

INTEGRATION OF GNSS AND LASER SCANNING FOR IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF LARGE-SCALE GEODETIC MAPS

2025-11-15T22:06:06+02:00

This paper examines the integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) as an effective approach to enhance both the accuracy and spatial detail of geodetic measurements. The principles of each technology are presented, along with the advantages of their combined application in georeferencing, 3D modeling, and large-scale mapping.

SPECIALIZED MAPS AND REGISTERS – GENERAL APPROACHES TO THEIR CREATION

2025-11-15T21:59:57+02:00

The article examines the main principles and approaches in the creation of specialized maps and registers. It highlights their role as tools for spatial analysis, planning, and management. The main stages of work are presented – from data collection and standardization to visualization and maintenance. Emphasis is placed on a systematic and standardized approach that ensures the accuracy, reliability, and interoperability of the data.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CADASTRAL AND SPECIALIZED MAPS AND REGISTERS

2025-11-15T21:53:44+02:00

ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF GRAVITY ANOMALIES FROM THE GLOBAL GEOPOTENTIAL MODELS EGM 2008 AND EIGEN- 6C4 WITH AVAILABLE GRAVITY ANOMALIES IN AN EXTREMELY MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF THE TERRITORY OF SOUTHWEST BULGARIA - RILA MOUNTAIN

2025-11-15T21:45:11+02:00

The subject of the study is the analysis of the Bouguer gravity anomaly and its comparison by comparing the Bouguer anomaly values from the global geopotential models (GGMs) EGM 2008 and EIGEN-6C4 with data from interpolated values of 46,121 points for the Rila Mountain region, in which GNSS/leveling measurements have been carried out. The Bouguer anomaly map gives a good idea of the subsurface density [7]. In mountainous areas, topographic effects completely dominate local variations in the gravity field, so it is necessary to introduce local topographic reductions to remove this dependence on height.

ERRORS WHEN USING TELESCOPIC SURVEY STAFF IN GEOMETRIC LEVELING

2025-11-15T21:29:40+02:00

Geometric leveling is the most accurate method of determining the difference between two points used in surveying. By using calibrated equipment and applying the correct measurement methodology, accuracy can be achieved to a hundredth of a millimeter for individual measurement or to 0.2mm/km for double-run leveling. The equipment consists of a precision level (usually digital) and a surveying staff, which is often considered as auxiliary equipment, but in reality the surveying staff is no less important than the level itself [1]. Given the wear and tear and depreciation of the equipment, it should be periodically checked and, if necessary, calibrated. The results of the calibration allow correction of the raw data, and can also serve as a preliminary assessment and forecast of the achieved results.

STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL IMAGES

2025-11-15T21:14:29+02:00

Digital imaging is a key part of modern technology, finding application in almost every sphere of human activity – from medicine and science to the arts and communications. This technological process is part of the broader evolution of digitalization, which is going through significant stages of development based on innovations in computing technologies and optoelectronic systems.

DETERMINATION OF THE ANGULAR ACCURACY WHEN SETTING OUT THE CENTERS OF BRIDGE PIERS

2025-11-14T13:52:03+02:00

The article determines the angular accuracy when setting out the centers of bridge piers, based on a designed geodetic network where the location of the points on the shores is established to ensure the required setting out accuracy of all piers. Theoretical conclusions are carried out under the assumption that setting out of the piers is performed directly by linear-angular measurements from 2 reference points. Strict preliminary assessment is conducted on the accuracy of setting out the centers of bridge piers by measurements from 3 reference points.

ATTRIBUTE DATA MODELS

2025-11-14T13:36:36+02:00

The article discusses non-spatial data called attributes. Each geographical object or phenomenon possesses one or more attributes that define it, describe it or represent it. The attribute can be size, density, name, date, or population.

Content of vol. 29, 2025, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2025-11-14T13:27:45+02:00

Content of vol. 29, 2025, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 29 No. 1 (2025): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2025-11-14T13:06:05+02:00

International Editorial Board of vol. 29 No. 1 (2025): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

A MODEL OF PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR DETERMINING THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS THROUGH COLOR PREFERENCES

2025-11-14T11:56:43+02:00

Determining human behavior in a number of cases is an important, even primary, step that sets specific frameworks and guidelines for planning, constructing, and operating a wide range of structures whose focus is the human being. Based on the widely accepted theory of the Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT) and examining the existing methods used in the procedures of this theory, a set of key indicators could be derived. In the search for a scientifically proven connection between an individual's color preferences and the predefined indicators from the BFPT, a problem arises regarding the use of methods and approaches in these procedures. In most cases, the approaches rely on the use of printed materials, which, first, limit the color spectrum, second, require a significant amount of time for preparing laboratory setups, third, lack a high degree of precision, and fourth, have limited use of mathematical tools when defining color tasks for a given individual.

SOLVING A SPECIFIC PROBLEM WHEN COMMISSIONING AN AUTOMATIC PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM USING SIEMENS SINAMICS V20 FREQUENCY CONVERTER

2025-11-14T11:47:46+02:00

This article discusses possible problems during the commissioning of a system for automatic water pressure regulation. The pressure is maintained automatically by changing the speed of rotation of the pump motor. The pump motor, in turn, is controlled by a Siemens Synamics V20 frequency converter. Thanks to a careful analysis of the parameters of the frequency converter and the system as a whole, stable operation without fluctuations has been achieved.

ANALYSIS OF THE PARAMETERS OF SMART MEASURING DEVICES IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

2025-11-14T11:35:53+02:00

The development of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the need for efficient energy flow management have established smart measuring devices (smart meters and loggers) as key components. They provide bidirectional measurement of energy production and consumption, remote monitoring capabilities and integration with inverters, controllers and cloud platforms. This paper presents a classification of the different device types. Their technical characteristics, communication technologies, accuracy, self-consumption and range of applications are analyzed. The analysis facilitates the selection of suitable solutions tailored to specific needs, ranging from household to industrial applications.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY WITHIN THE SCOPE OF 6G COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

2025-11-14T11:28:52+02:00

The transition toward sixth-generation (6G) communication networks mark a paradigm shift in wireless technology through the utilization of the terahertz (THz) spectrum, enabling data rates far beyond the capabilities of 5G. However, the move to ultra-high frequencies introduces new challenges for electromagnetic safety. This study examines the physical mechanisms of THz wave interaction with biological tissues, focusing on both thermal and potential non-thermal effects. Due to the shallow penetration depth of THz radiation (≈0.01–1.5 mm), energy absorption is confined to surface layers such as the epidermis and cornea, making localized heating and pain perception key safety determinants. The paper analyzes the main research gaps identified by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP, 2020) and discusses their implications for the development of 6G safety standards. Furthermore, it highlights the coordinated role of European and global organizations — including the European Commission, ETSI ISG THz, and the World Health Organization (WHO) — in harmonizing exposure guidelines, promoting dosimetric research, and integrating safety-by-design principles into next-generation network architectures. The findings underscore the necessity for precise near-field thermal modeling, real-time exposure monitoring, and dynamic beam management based on AI-driven network control to ensure compliance with future 6G electromagnetic safety regulations.

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE CERTIFICATION OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS

2025-11-14T11:19:35+02:00

Blockchain technology has gained significant attention in education due to its potential to improve the verification of diplomas, certificates, and skills. By ensuring decentralization, transparency, and immutability, it offers a secure and efficient alternative to traditional systems that are often slow and vulnerable to fraud. This paper reviews key applications of blockchain in the educational sector, with a focus on credential verification and smart contracts. It also discusses current challenges such as scalability, regulations, and energy consumption. The findings suggest that blockchain can contribute to greater trust, efficiency, and global mobility in education.

REAL-TIME NETWORK TRAFFIC ANALYSIS USING RECURRENT NEURAL MODELS

2025-11-14T11:12:39+02:00

With the increasing complexity and dynamics of modern computer networks, there is a need for methods that can provide timely and accurate analysis of network traffic. Traditional techniques for monitoring and anomaly detection are often limited by static rules and the inability to capture complex time dependencies. In this context, recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and in particular their advanced architectures such as LSTM and GRU, appear as promising tools for real-time analysis. This article reviews the application of recurrent neural models for prediction, classification and anomaly detection in network traffic, focusing on architectural features, challenges and potential directions for development.

COGNITIVE AND ETHICAL FAILURES IN AI-BASED SCIENTIFIC REVIEWING

2025-11-14T11:04:39+02:00

The paper explores the ethical and cognitive implications of using artificial intelligence in the scientific peer-review process. It analyzes a real case of a hastily conducted pseudo-review, revealing inconsistencies and methodological errors that arise when automation replaces human judgment. International publishing standards from IEEE, Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, and Cambridge University Press are examined to highlight the inadmissibility of AI-generated reviews and the importance of human responsibility in scientific evaluation. The study further discusses the educational context of applying AI and CAD software in teaching solid geometry, emphasizing that technology should assist, not replace, human thinking. Based on the observed deficiencies, the article proposes the development of an improved cognitive platform for independent AI-assisted reviewing, supported by expert human oversight to preserve integrity and trust in scientific communication.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODERN VULNERABILITY SYSTEMS AND DATABASES

2025-11-14T01:24:44+02:00

This scientific article examines and compares several modern vulnerability management systems and databases, such as CVE, CWE, EUVD, NVD, and OSVDB. The goal is to understand how these resources differ in scope, structure, and interoperability. In the article of the analysis, particular attention is paid to platforms like MITRE’s frameworks, Exploit-DB, and Rapid7-DB, as well as to international initiatives such as Japan’s JVN project. The scientific study also reviews the scoring models they employ, mainly CVSS, and considers alternatives like VEDAS. Overall, the results highlight how each system contributes differently to strengthening cybersecurity practices and how they can complement one another in real-world defense strategies.

HOW GDPR TREATS AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING

2025-11-14T01:14:48+02:00

This article examines how the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regulates automated decision-making, including profiling, in the context of personal data processing. It analyzes the main provisions of Article 22 of the Regulation, as well as the conditions under which fully automated decisions that produce legal effects or significantly affect data subjects are permitted. The article highlights the rights of data subjects – the right to human intervention, the right to express their point of view, and the right to contest the decision – along with the responsibilities of data controllers. Practical examples and commentary are included, focusing on the application of these rules in the context of modern technologies such as algorithmic profiling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF CORPORATE SECURITY

2025-11-14T01:07:27+02:00

Corporate security is a dynamic and comprehensive concept crucial for the protection and stable functioning of business entities, involving measures against both internal and external threats. It is integral to national security, with corporate security subsystems addressing economic, informational, and social components. Effective corporate security requires the collaboration of various internal services and sometimes external agencies, adapting preventive and responsive strategies to safeguard vital interests and ensure sustainable development.

THE THIRD MISSION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

2025-11-14T00:58:43+02:00

This article examines the concept, legal framework, and practical implementation of the Third Mission of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria — their participation in assisting the civilian population in crisis situations, disasters, and emergencies. It discusses the transformation of the Bulgarian Armed Forces after the end of the Cold War, their integration into NATO and the EU, and the role of civil-military cooperation in national and regional security. The study highlights examples of the Third Mission’s application, such as disaster relief, humanitarian aid, and pandemic response, while outlining the challenges related to resources, training, and coordination with civilian institutions.

NATO AND EU MARITIME MILITARY POLICY

2025-11-13T21:55:04+02:00

This article examines the strategic directions, institutional mechanisms and operational initiatives of the maritime military policy of NATO and the European Union (EU). It analyses the role of the two alliances in ensuring maritime security, protecting trade routes and countering new threats such as piracy, illegal migration and hybrid operations. It presents a comparative study of the concepts, naval capabilities and joint missions of NATO and the EU in the maritime environment.

THE USE OF GIS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL DISASTERS AND CRISIS SITUATIONS

2025-11-13T21:46:01+02:00

The increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters highlight the urgent need for effective tools to support crisis management. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have established themselves as a key platform for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data, providing decision-makers with timely and reliable information. This paper explores the role of GIS in disaster management across all critical phases: prevention, monitoring, response, and recovery. The study emphasizes the integration of real-time data, IoT sensors, and satellite imagery, which enhance early warning systems and improve coordination between institutions. In addition, technological innovations such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and AR/VR visualization extend the potential of GIS for predictive analytics, training, and rapid response. By examining international best practices and national applications, the paper outlines the challenges and opportunities for developing resilient GIS-based solutions. The findings demonstrate that GIS is not only a technological tool but also a strategic instrument for reducing risks, optimizing resource allocation, and supporting sustainable development in the face of natural disasters.

MICROPLASTS IN FRESHWATER FISH – PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

2025-11-13T21:33:57+02:00

The presence of microplastics in the aquatic environment raises concerns about their abundance and potential hazards to aquatic organisms. This review provides insight into the issue that may be of concern to freshwater fish. Plastic pollution is not limited to marine ecosystems; freshwaters also contain plastic particles, as the majority of them enter the oceans via rivers. Microplastics (MPs) can be ingested by fish and accumulate due to their size and poor biodegradability. Furthermore, they have the potential to enter the food chain and cause health problems. Evidence of MP ingestion has been reported in >150 fish species from both freshwater and marine systems. However, the quantification and toxicity of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems are underestimated, ignored and not reported as often as in marine ecosystems. However, their abundance, impact and toxicity in freshwater biota are no less than in marine ecosystems. The interaction of MPs with freshwater fish, as well as the risk of human consumption, remains a mystery. However, our knowledge of the effects of MPs on freshwater fish is still very limited. This study details the state of the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater fish. This review will add to our understanding of the ecotoxicology of microplastics on freshwater fish and provide further directions for research.

MEDIEVAL JEWELERY TOOLS FROM NORTHEASTERN BULGARIA

2025-11-13T21:25:37+02:00

In 2009, the museum in Shumen received a collection of medieval metalworking tools. Most of them are related to jewelry practice and the production of metal products from precious metals and copper alloys. The collection includes tools of various shapes and practical purposes, including jewelry hammers, pliers, cutters, flutes, drills, punches, etc. The presentation of this rich and diverse collection of iron tools is made with a view to jewelry technology, which requires a strictly defined and specific set of tools to be applied in practice. Some of the tools turn out to be very stable forms, having preserved their character and purpose over time until the late Middle Ages and the modern era. The discovery of many examples from the late periods and modern practice significantly assist in the functional determination of most of the tools found in the production centers in the vicinity of Preslav. The traditions established over time show the conservative spirit in the development and changes of most of the foundry and metalworking practices, perfectly mastered and applied by Bulgarian craftsmen. The fact that even today, modern jewelers observe and follow the basic principles of this craft is indicative. The purpose of some of the tools found during the studies is determined precisely by their long-term use, which dates back to ancient times. If there are any changes, they are insignificant and are mainly expressed in the use of some modern tools and materials in order to facilitate and accelerate the work process, rather than to change it in its essence.

PROBLEMS AND APPROACHES IN FINANCING SOCIAL-PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL

2025-11-13T21:15:17+02:00

This paper examines the significance of social-pedagogical work at the local level as a tool for support, prevention, and social integration of vulnerable groups. Social pedagogues perform a variety of functions that enable them to have a positive impact on the social environment and the quality of life within the community. At the same time, challenges such as limited resources, a shortage of qualified personnel, and the complexity of social problems are identified. The conclusion emphasizes that social-pedagogical work is a key factor in building active, cohesive, and sustainable communities, as well as in promoting equal access to education and social services.

RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF ERGONOMICS IN ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ENGINEERING LOGISTICS

2025-11-13T20:03:39+02:00

The rapid advancement of modern science and technology demands that engineering professionals possess not only technical expertise but also the ability to effectively manage the human factor within logistics processes. This article explores the role of ergonomics as a strategic tool in engineering logistics for optimizing workflows, enhancing safety and efficiency, and fostering sustainable models in engineering education. The study examines the interconnection between the physical, cognitive, and organizational dimensions of ergonomics and their impact on logistics activities. It presents practical methods for integrating ergonomic principles into engineering systems through digital technologies such as virtual simulation, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Case studies from leading companies, including Siemens, Toyota, and DHL, illustrate the tangible benefits of ergonomic applications in logistics environments. The paper emphasizes the importance of incorporating ergonomics into strategic management and engineering curricula to build interdisciplinary competencies. Ultimately, the integration of ergonomic design with digital transformation offers a pathway toward intelligent, human-centered, and sustainable engineering logistics systems.

THE ROLE OF THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH IN DETERMIN-ING THE RELIABILITY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS IN A TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

2025-11-13T19:55:10+02:00

This publication defines the scope of inspections of railway facilities and devices, as well as the methods for recording results and taking action to remedy malfunctions. The re-liability of systems in transport logistics is key to the efficiency and safety of processes. It ensures that all components of the system work smoothly and predictably.

INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR INCREASING WAREHOUSE CAPACITY

2025-11-13T19:47:47+02:00

Warehouse operations are much more complex than when they appear at first glance. Profiling (partitioning) of products and orders leads to a potential multitude of warehouses inside the warehouse. The paper presents an algorithm for increasing storage capacity in modern warehouses.

SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE CONSIDERATION OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL FACILITIES IN VIEW OF THEIR FUNCTIONAL, RISK AND TERRITORIAL CHARACTERISTICS, FOCUSING ON MONITORING AND PREVENTION THROUGH GNSS TECHNOLOGIES

2025-11-13T19:39:05+02:00

This report aims to propose a systematic approach to the examination of engineering facilities, taking into account their functional, risk and territorial characteristics, with a focus on the possibilities for monitoring and prevention through GNSS technologies.

CLASSIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF GNSS METHODS AND TOOLS IN THE STUDY OF NATURAL DISASTERS

2025-11-13T19:30:33+02:00

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is an umbrella term that refers to any satellite navigation system with global coverage. GNSS devices and receivers use geolocation information obtained from satellites to determine the current location of an object.

USE OF DRONES FOR SOLAR PANEL INSPECTION IN SOLAR PARKS

2025-11-13T19:22:09+02:00

The use of drones to inspect solar panels in solar parks has become one of the most effective, efficient, and safe approaches for maintaining and optimizing largescale photovoltaic (PV) installations.

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF SPECIALIZED MAPS AND REGISTERS

2025-11-12T18:11:47+02:00

The article examines the content and main components of specialized maps and registers as part of the cadastre system in the Republic of Bulgaria. It presents their key structural elements, thematic content, and the interrelation between maps and registers. Emphasis is placed on their role in territorial management, spatial planning, and the maintenance of up-to-date spatial information.

DIRECTIONS FOR DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

2025-11-12T18:02:26+02:00

Applications of digital imaging include a wide variety of fields, and advances in image processing allow for the generation of three-dimensional reconstructions, object detection, and analysis, providing new possibilities for image visualization and recognition.

INTERPOLATION OF RASTER SURFACES (GRID INTERPOLATION).THE KRIGING METHOD

2025-11-12T17:47:21+02:00

Interpolation is a process that determines the unknown z-values of pixels in raster (GRID) form, of a system of points, or in vector (TIN) form of a limited number of points with known data about them. It is used to determine the unknown values at any geographical point of: altitude, precipitation, chemical concentrations, noise level, etc.

Content of vol. 28, 2025, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2025-11-12T17:35:55+02:00

Content of vol. 28, 2025, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 28 No. 1 (2025): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2025-11-11T22:07:37+02:00

International Editorial Board of vol. 28 No. 1 (2025): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

MIGRATION SECURITY AS A COMPONENT OF CORPORATE SECURITY

2024-11-13T20:47:29+02:00

A new element has been added to the components of corporate security - migration security. The proposed new author's terms for our scientific community - "migration security" will facilitate future research in the field of the impact of migration processes on the security of regions and business organizations.

ANALYSIS OF THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SPEKTRUM OF A PARAMETRIC MICROWAVE CONVERTER

2024-11-13T20:41:49+02:00

In this scientific paper, we have considered a method for determining the complex reflection coefficient based on spectral analysis of the output voltage of a parametric microwave converter.

REVEALING ANOMALIES BY NETWORK PACKET FLOODING ON BUILT FTP AND OPENSSH SERVERS IN CONTROLLED LAB ENVIRONMENT

2024-11-13T20:33:54+02:00

This scientific paper investigates the effects of network packet flooding on FTP (port 21) and SSH (port 22) protocols, aiming to reveal and document anomalies in server behavior under high-load conditions. By simulating packet flooding in a controlled lab environment, an analysis on vulnerabilities and anomalies unique to each protocol is conducted in order to the improve defensive capabilities. The results provide guidance on best practices to secure FTP and OpenSSH services against malicious traffic, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, supporting wider network security strategies.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF HASH FUNCTIONS MD5, SHA-1, AND SHA-256 USING VARIOUS SOFTWARE TOOLS TO VERIFY THE INTEGRITY OF FILES

2024-11-13T20:22:12+02:00

In this scientific paper hash functions such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256 are widely utilized in the field of cryptography to verify file integrity, confirming that files remain unaltered and free from corruption. The practical application of the hash functions MD5, SHA-1, AND SHA-256 through five widely used software tools: 7z, PowerShell, BullZip MD5 Calculator, HashCalc and CrypTool 1.4.40 is made. The analysis focuses on each tool's effectiveness in calculating and comparing hash values, emphasizing their strengths and weaknesses in ensuring data integrity. By investigating the functionality and applications of each tool, this scientific study provides important perspectives on the practical significance of MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256 for maintaining the authenticity and reliability of digital files.

COMMUNICATION MODULES FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEMS

2024-11-13T20:15:32+02:00

The paper discusses the wireless communication modules used for monitoring photovoltaic systems-ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GSM and LoRa. The aim is to compare the main features, advantages and disadvantages of each of these technologies. The analysis identifies the need for reliability, low power consumption and secure data transmission in the design of the systems.

USE OF A CHATBOT IN AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION

2024-11-13T20:07:47+02:00

This scientific paper presents a role-based aspect of chatbots in the educational field, covering certain of their advantages and disadvantages. Future trends in their development are presented. The use and implementation of chatbots in an automated information system for process management in the educational field is discussed.

AN APPROACH OF DOM RECORD MANAGEMENT COMPONENT UI CREATION

2024-11-13T20:01:13+02:00

This paper presents an approach of Document Object Model database record management component user interface (UI) creation. Mainstream of UI development approaches concentrates in few directions, omitting holistic view on the fundamental database operations. The proposed solution uses method lay on of standard clauses adopted by the ECMA Script edition sixth and above. The program logic for the UI component was built with the intention - The existing functionality of such UI component to be extended and complemented.

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN VARIOUS FIELDS

2024-11-13T19:51:49+02:00

Geographic information systems are powerful tools for collecting, analyzing and visualizing geographic data to support decision making in a variety of activities. The aim of this paper is to present the basic principles of GIS and their applications in various fields ranging from ecology and urban planning to health and security. GIS plays an important role in the modern world, enabling better understanding and management of spatial processes and phenomena.

REAL-TIME GIS FOR MONITORING AND SECURITY

2024-11-13T19:45:36+02:00

Applications of geographic information systems in the security domain are diverse and cover various aspects such as crisis prevention and management, public safety, national security, critical infrastructure protection and military applications. Real-time GIS is essential for effective emergency response and management because it provides accurate information on the location and dynamics of events.

ABOUT THE GUARANTEED INTRADEPARTMENTAL RESERVE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTRALOGISTICS

2024-11-13T19:16:54+02:00

In general, the current paper implies the conclusion that the determination of the impact of randomly occurring pauses in the work of the production unit with continuous technological process depends on the created intradepartmental guaranteed reserve.

ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOTIVE MASS AIR FLOW SENSORS

2024-11-13T18:56:12+02:00

An analysis of the characteristics of automotive mass air flow sensors is made. A test system has been developed to study the sensors. The measurement data is processed with MATLAB using curve fitting.

APPLICATION OF HEURISTIC ALGORITHMS IN LOGISTICS

2024-11-13T18:22:44+02:00

The paper deals with algorithms for solving logistics problems. It describes types of heuristic algorithms focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. Incorporating the advantages and disadvantages of heuristic algorithms, it offers feasible solutions.

PEDAGOGICAL CHALLENGES IN TEACHING FOLKLORE TO CHILDREN IN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY FROM BULGARIA

2024-11-13T17:47:08+02:00

This study analyzes data from a survey conducted among non-formal education teachers engaged in teaching folklore to children. It investigates effective practices and challenges these educators encounter in the transmission of folklore traditions to contemporary youth. Drawing on the collected data, the research proposes targeted strategies to enhance and optimize the teaching process, addressing the specific needs of both students and educators within this cultural and pedagogical context.

GNSS TECHNOLOGY FOR RESEARCH OF DEFORMATIONS OF HYDROTECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS

2024-11-13T17:38:44+02:00

Hydro technical installations are subject to a list of temporary and constant factors, such as Natural, Physical, Tectonic, Anthropogenic and other, which lead to their deformation and destruction. Study, exploration and forecast of deformations, can save us big. In this article has been researched the GNSS capability of obtaining the necessary data for building a model and reading or predicting deformations. GNSS has been used for monitoring structural deformation and deflection for more than a 30 years now. Detailed procedures for field data collection, data analysis and visualisation, generation of reliable analytical model, model updating and prediction for structural operational condition are also recommended.

MAP OF THE EARTH MASSES - ROLE IN THE INVESTMENT PROJECT

2024-11-13T12:05:42+02:00

Map of the earth masses shows the essence of the vertical planning project by visualizing the anticipated displacement of the land masses within the boundaries of the property. It is the official document through which the designer can determine the amount of land masses for the purpose of their valuation [5]. The article examines the role of the cartogram and modern practices regarding its creation and use in the investment process.

INVESTIGATING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN INVESTMENT INTENTIONS AND LAND STATUS

2024-11-13T11:57:59+02:00

The subject of investigating the connection between investment intentions and land status is analyzing the main procedures for preparation, approval and implementation of development plans with the objective of changing the purpose designation of agricultural land into urbanized territory. By using a project for a Detailed Development Plans – Plan for Regulation and Construction, an examination is performed of the processes related to the preparation and coordination of the plan, including the change of purpose designation of the agricultural land into land for non-agricultural uses, in accordance with the legislation.

CREATION OF SPECIALIZED MAPS AND REGISTERS OF OBJECTS UNDER ARTICLE 6, PARAGRAPHS 4 AND 5 OF THE LAW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK SEA COAST

2024-11-13T11:51:58+02:00

The specialized maps and registers are made for the purpose of documenting the spatial position and technical characteristics of the sites under Article 6, paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Law on the Organization of the Black Sea Coast. They also provide information for the development of development schemes and general and detailed development plans, protection of the natural landscape and the sea coast from erosion, abrasion and landslide processes, protection of the cultural and historical heritage, development of investment projects, awarding of concession or renting out sea beaches and solving other tasks.

Content of vol. 27, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2024-11-13T11:43:52+02:00

Content of vol. 27, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 27 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2024-11-13T11:31:11+02:00

International Editorial Board of vol. 27 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

MODEL FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN A MUNICIPALITY

2024-11-12T20:48:10+02:00

Administrative security is critical to the effective functioning of government organisations. It is an attest component of governance and plays a key role in protecting public institutions. Bulgaria, with its distinctive geopolitical and historical context, represents a unique environment for exploring the conceptuality of administrative security and its functionality. Understanding and assessing administrative security is essential for the development and stability of the country.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL BALLISTIC PROTECTION MEANS USED IN THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR

2024-11-12T20:34:49+02:00

The present scientific paper presents a comparative analysis of the different types of individual ballistic protection devices, particularly focusing on body armor used in the high-intensity conflict between Russia and Ukraine. With the advancement of technologies and the introduction of new tactics in modern conflicts, losses of personnel significantly increased. The use of effective individual ballistic protection devices substantially reduces these losses. The report examines the following parameters to compare different types of body armor: class of ballistic protection, weight, protective area, and comfort in use. To conduct the analysis, available literary sources, military reports, and feedback from the personnel of the countries involved in the conflict were studied.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS RC2 AND TRIPLE DES IN ECB MODE USING CRYPTOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE PROGRAM CRYPTOOL

2024-11-12T20:26:34+02:00

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of symmetric key cryptographic algorithms, focusing on RC2 and Triple DES (ECB) as implemented in CrypTool. It is widely used educational software that demonstrates various cryptographic algorithms and methods. This paper aims to provide a foundational understanding of CrypTool, explain the functionalities of RC2 and Triple DES in Electronic Codebook (ECB) mode and evaluate their performance and security.

CONCEALING TEXT AND EXECUTABLE FILES IN JPG FORMAT FILES WITH A STEGANOGRAPHIC COMMAND-LINE TOOL IN THE OPERATING SYSTEM KALI LINUX

2024-11-12T20:15:53+02:00

In this scientific paper concealing text and executable files in JPG format files with a steganographic command-line tool in the Kali Linux operating system is presented. Among the myriad of steganographic tools, Steghide has gained prominence for its robust features and ease of use. Primarily focused on embedding and extracting secret messages within image files, the software tool Steghide enables users to encode text data within JPEG and BMP image formats while maintaining data integrity and minimizing visual alterations. This paper provides an in-depth examination of Steghide’s functionality, workflow, and security considerations in the context of digital steganography. It is also discussed the algorithms underpinning Steghide’s operations, its strengths, limitations and common use cases.

ABOUT WORK IN PROGRESS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTRALOGISTICS

2024-11-12T20:08:00+02:00

The current paper attempts, briefly and in general terms, to present the need for work-in-progress for the normal flow of the production process. This ensures the rhythmicity and continuity of the flow of production. The basis for achieving these two characteristics is also the so-called reserve, which should be in sufficient quantity.

THE ROLE OF INFORMATION FLOWS IN THE OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT

2024-11-12T19:58:45+02:00

The management of transport flows is based on transmitting, receiving and processing the information related to them by applying the principles of the system approach. In a theoretical-applied aspect, it manifests itself as an economic activity for the development and implementation of methods for collecting, storing, processing and distributing information for specific functions and operations in transport infrastructure systems.

SIGNET RING WITH AN IMAGE OF A LILY FOUND AT THE SHUMEN VICINITY

2024-11-12T19:48:18+02:00

The subject of the presented work is a signet ring with an image of a heraldic lily. Only the main sealing part, filled with glass paste, in which the image is engraved, has been preserved from the object. The thin ring soldered to the tile is not preserved. The traces from the solder of the ring to the solder on the reverse side of the board are clearly visible. The latter has an elliptical shape with a scalloped outline and bud-like ornamentation above it. The central part of the object is occupied by a deep socket filled with greenish glass paste, in which the image of the heraldic lily is carved. Rings with images of lilies from the late Middle Ages are a whole group, and therefore this type of decoration can be considered one of the favorites of this period. Most of the ornaments are made entirely of metal, the more famous ones being silver and gold. The symbolic meaning of the lily is a reason for it to appear on various art monuments, such as the portraits of the founders from the church "St. Nicholas" in Stanichane (XIV century), the late medieval belts with appliqués in the shape of lilies from the territory of Bulgaria and many others . In this context, we can also place the current ring with an engraved image of a heraldic lily from the era of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, found in the vicinity of Shumen and the Shumen Fortress, whose most active life was precisely during this period.

DETERMINATION OF AN OBVIOUS FACTUAL ERROR IN A CADASTRAL MAP

2024-11-12T19:38:40+02:00

The maps created of reinstated property after 1990 contain numerous errors. These errors have been transferred from the existing cadastral plans, comassation plans, land subdivision plan, aerial photo plans and a large-scale topographic maps created in the years 1964-1968. For the creation of maps of the reinstated property, the sources described above were used directly, without repeated aerial photography or deciphering of the objects as well as without the conduction of direct geodetic measurements [6, 8]. The presence of an obvious factual error is a relatively common phenomenon in the cadastral map. The same applies mainly to linear objects and it is quite possible to remove these errors. These errors can be corrected via separate projects for the specific errors, as well as via projects affecting a large part of land territory and even an entire land territory.

ACOUSTIC WAVES – SONAR EQUATION

2024-11-12T11:40:26+02:00

The earliest methods used to directly measure water depth were the guide line (lead line) and drilling. Their simple principles of operation ensure their continued use for many centuries.

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2024-11-12T11:23:19+02:00

The report shows ways to divide information systems into different types. Although the separation is artificial, it is important and is the basis for the formation of various GIS applications. Non-land GIS are focused on the population, housing policy, economic and political activity of the population.

Content of vol. 26, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2024-11-11T23:47:23+02:00

Content of vol. 26, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 26 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2024-11-11T20:58:12+02:00

International Editorial Board of vol. 26 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME LOAD TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES

2023-11-29T23:20:30+02:00

Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are key technologies in asset tracking and management. Although they may look similar at first glance, they have different characteristics, advantages and disadvantages that make them suitable for different applications.

DETERMINING THE QUANTITIES OF WASTE STREAMS

2023-11-29T23:13:59+02:00

In this research, we examine and distinguish the waste that is landfilled at the local level, this is the process by which unwanted and unnecessary waste is disposed of. We can distinguish them by defining and evaluating them properly. There is a law that states that municipal programs for waste management are sectoral programs and are an integral part of municipal programs for environmental protection. We will also consider the objectives guaranteeing the achievement of the general objective of the Plan. We will consider the equations by which the amount of household waste generated is determined.

ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC WHEN SYSTEMATIZING INFORMATION FLOWS IN LAN LOGISTICS

2023-11-29T23:06:41+02:00

The paper presents research of the traffic when systematizing information flows in logistics. Ethernet is one of the most popular networks, especially if equal access networks are to be built and maintained. Ethernet is widely used to control machines, production lines and even entire production plants. However, working in real-time mode sometimes creates conflicts in certain actuators which are time-sensitive to the commands sent to them. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the average delay time and time dispersion of the LAN Ethernet, to be able to meet the requirements for real-time operation in logistics.

A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN MODEL

2023-11-29T23:00:19+02:00

Large varieties of mathematical programming models have been developed to provide decision support to the design engineer. The paper deals with some of the problems and offers practical solutions.

A MODERN SOLUTION THAT HAS A POSITIVE IMPACT ON LOGISTICS SERVICES AND SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES INTERSECTION FATALITIES

2023-11-29T22:51:56+02:00

Year after year, the problems on the world's roads are getting worse. According to the UN Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) 2006 Report on the 1968 Geneva Convention "Road Signs and Signals", the rules are periodically updated to take into account the growing demands for human safety, environmental protection, and the rapid development of technological progress around the world (Report IEC UN, New York and Geneva, 2007). Unfortunately, for about a hundred years now, no drastic measures have been taken against the causes of road traffic accidents around the world. Our research is focused on reducing intersection congestion, traffic accidents, and related deaths. A new road sign and traffic light were invented. According to the conclusions of domestic and foreign scientists, the invented sign and traffic light should be a great success in practice.

STUDYING THE APPLICATION OF CAD/CAM/CAE SYSTEMS IN THE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS FOR PERSONAL BALLISTIC PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

2023-11-29T22:33:47+02:00

The article presents a study of the possibilities for applying the virtual set of tools for 3D modeling, manipulation, and testing of components that are part of individual ballistic protection equipment.

INVESTIGATING THE NETWORK TRAFFIC USING THE COMMAND-LINE PACKETS SNIFFER TCPDUMP IN KALI LINUX

2023-11-29T22:25:35+02:00

In this scientific article a comprehensive investigation of the network traffic using the command-line packets sniffer Tcpdump in kali Linux is made.

BASIC NETWORK PENETRATION TESTING WITH THE NETWORK TOOL NETCAT IN LINUX-BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

2023-11-29T21:37:19+02:00

In this scientific article a basic network penetration testing with the network tool Netcat in Linux-based operating systems is presented.

ON THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF SHUMEN FROM THE XIX CENTURY AND ON THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE CITY

2023-11-29T21:25:14+02:00

During the period XV – XIX century, Shumen was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire because of its strategic location, favorable weather and its natural defenses. In the 19th century, the residents of Shumen had the opportunity to develop modern trade, crafts, to apply technological innovations in their manufacturing, to improve the economy and the everyday lives of its population.

Content of vol. 25, 2023, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2023-11-29T21:16:02+02:00

Content of vol. 25, 2023, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

2023-11-29T21:05:46+02:00

International Editorial Board of vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

A MODEL FOR EVALUATING INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND ASSESSING ITS IMPACT ON INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES

2023-11-23T19:55:07+02:00

Globalization covers all spheres of life and economy in the modern world. The innovative development of information and communication technologies is a key factor in maintaining the competitiveness of companies on local, regional and global markets, which, however, is associated with certain risks. Information systems contribute to increasing the productivity of companies by catalyzing innovation and thus organizations gain an advantage over other players in their market. This process over the last few decades has established itself as a determining factor in the global market. The innovative development strategy of companies leads to competitive recovery, expansion and consolidation of market positions. In the fight against competitors, companies are looking for new solutions to optimize business, introducing intelligent information technologies in order to reduce the probability of making incorrect management decisions that would lead to adverse consequences.

DISCOVERING WIRELESS NETWORKS VIA MODIFIED SCRIPTS IMPLEMENTING LINEAR ALGORITHMS FOR LINUX BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

2023-11-23T19:42:26+02:00

In this scientific paper modified scripts, implementing linear algorithms for discovering wireless networks in Linux based operating systems are presented.