JOURNAL SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH

MIGRATION SECURITY AS A COMPONENT OF CORPORATE SECURITY

Tsvetelina Metodieva, Iliana Simeonova — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

A new element has been added to the components of corporate security - migration security. The proposed new author's terms for our scientific community - "migration security" will facilitate future research in the field of the impact of migration processes on the security of regions and business organizations.

ANALYSIS OF THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SPEKTRUM OF A PARAMETRIC MICROWAVE CONVERTER

Dragomir Vasilev — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

In this scientific paper, we have considered a method for determining the complex reflection coefficient based on spectral analysis of the output voltage of a parametric microwave converter.

REVEALING ANOMALIES BY NETWORK PACKET FLOODING ON BUILT FTP AND OPENSSH SERVERS IN CONTROLLED LAB ENVIRONMENT

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This scientific paper investigates the effects of network packet flooding on FTP (port 21) and SSH (port 22) protocols, aiming to reveal and document anomalies in server behavior under high-load conditions. By simulating packet flooding in a controlled lab environment, an analysis on vulnerabilities and anomalies unique to each protocol is conducted in order to the improve defensive capabilities. The results provide guidance on best practices to secure FTP and OpenSSH services against malicious traffic, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, supporting wider network security strategies.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF HASH FUNCTIONS MD5, SHA-1, AND SHA-256 USING VARIOUS SOFTWARE TOOLS TO VERIFY THE INTEGRITY OF FILES

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

In this scientific paper hash functions such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256 are widely utilized in the field of cryptography to verify file integrity, confirming that files remain unaltered and free from corruption. The practical application of the hash functions MD5, SHA-1, AND SHA-256 through five widely used software tools: 7z, PowerShell, BullZip MD5 Calculator, HashCalc and CrypTool 1.4.40 is made. The analysis focuses on each tool's effectiveness in calculating and comparing hash values, emphasizing their strengths and weaknesses in ensuring data integrity. By investigating the functionality and applications of each tool, this scientific study provides important perspectives on the practical significance of MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256 for maintaining the authenticity and reliability of digital files.

COMMUNICATION MODULES FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEMS

Iliyana Ivanova — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The paper discusses the wireless communication modules used for monitoring photovoltaic systems-ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GSM and LoRa. The aim is to compare the main features, advantages and disadvantages of each of these technologies. The analysis identifies the need for reliability, low power consumption and secure data transmission in the design of the systems.

USE OF A CHATBOT IN AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION

Desislava Ivanova, Valentin Atanasov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This scientific paper presents a role-based aspect of chatbots in the educational field, covering certain of their advantages and disadvantages. Future trends in their development are presented. The use and implementation of chatbots in an automated information system for process management in the educational field is discussed.

AN APPROACH OF DOM RECORD MANAGEMENT COMPONENT UI CREATION

Valentin Atanasov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This paper presents an approach of Document Object Model database record management component user interface (UI) creation. Mainstream of UI development approaches concentrates in few directions, omitting holistic view on the fundamental database operations. The proposed solution uses method lay on of standard clauses adopted by the ECMA Script edition sixth and above. The program logic for the UI component was built with the intention - The existing functionality of such UI component to be extended and complemented.

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN VARIOUS FIELDS

Donika Dimanova — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Geographic information systems are powerful tools for collecting, analyzing and visualizing geographic data to support decision making in a variety of activities. The aim of this paper is to present the basic principles of GIS and their applications in various fields ranging from ecology and urban planning to health and security. GIS plays an important role in the modern world, enabling better understanding and management of spatial processes and phenomena.

REAL-TIME GIS FOR MONITORING AND SECURITY

Donika Dimanova, Zdravko Y. Kuzmanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Applications of geographic information systems in the security domain are diverse and cover various aspects such as crisis prevention and management, public safety, national security, critical infrastructure protection and military applications. Real-time GIS is essential for effective emergency response and management because it provides accurate information on the location and dynamics of events.

ABOUT THE GUARANTEED INTRADEPARTMENTAL RESERVE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTRALOGISTICS

Svetlozar Stoyanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

In general, the current paper implies the conclusion that the determination of the impact of randomly occurring pauses in the work of the production unit with continuous technological process depends on the created intradepartmental guaranteed reserve.

ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOTIVE MASS AIR FLOW SENSORS

Tihomir Trifonov, Hristo Hadjiivanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

An analysis of the characteristics of automotive mass air flow sensors is made. A test system has been developed to study the sensors. The measurement data is processed with MATLAB using curve fitting.

APPLICATION OF HEURISTIC ALGORITHMS IN LOGISTICS

Andrey Bogdanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The paper deals with algorithms for solving logistics problems. It describes types of heuristic algorithms focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. Incorporating the advantages and disadvantages of heuristic algorithms, it offers feasible solutions.

PEDAGOGICAL CHALLENGES IN TEACHING FOLKLORE TO CHILDREN IN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY FROM BULGARIA

Stefka Budakova — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This study analyzes data from a survey conducted among non-formal education teachers engaged in teaching folklore to children. It investigates effective practices and challenges these educators encounter in the transmission of folklore traditions to contemporary youth. Drawing on the collected data, the research proposes targeted strategies to enhance and optimize the teaching process, addressing the specific needs of both students and educators within this cultural and pedagogical context.

GNSS TECHNOLOGY FOR RESEARCH OF DEFORMATIONS OF HYDROTECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS

Stefan Dobrev — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Hydro technical installations are subject to a list of temporary and constant factors, such as Natural, Physical, Tectonic, Anthropogenic and other, which lead to their deformation and destruction. Study, exploration and forecast of deformations, can save us big. In this article has been researched the GNSS capability of obtaining the necessary data for building a model and reading or predicting deformations. GNSS has been used for monitoring structural deformation and deflection for more than a 30 years now. Detailed procedures for field data collection, data analysis and visualisation, generation of reliable analytical model, model updating and prediction for structural operational condition are also recommended.

MAP OF THE EARTH MASSES - ROLE IN THE INVESTMENT PROJECT

Ivan Ivanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Map of the earth masses shows the essence of the vertical planning project by visualizing the anticipated displacement of the land masses within the boundaries of the property. It is the official document through which the designer can determine the amount of land masses for the purpose of their valuation [5]. The article examines the role of the cartogram and modern practices regarding its creation and use in the investment process.

INVESTIGATING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN INVESTMENT INTENTIONS AND LAND STATUS

Simona Atanasova, Krasimira Kirilova — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The subject of investigating the connection between investment intentions and land status is analyzing the main procedures for preparation, approval and implementation of development plans with the objective of changing the purpose designation of agricultural land into urbanized territory. By using a project for a Detailed Development Plans – Plan for Regulation and Construction, an examination is performed of the processes related to the preparation and coordination of the plan, including the change of purpose designation of the agricultural land into land for non-agricultural uses, in accordance with the legislation.

CREATION OF SPECIALIZED MAPS AND REGISTERS OF OBJECTS UNDER ARTICLE 6, PARAGRAPHS 4 AND 5 OF THE LAW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK SEA COAST

Mirem Niyazi-Yusuf — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The specialized maps and registers are made for the purpose of documenting the spatial position and technical characteristics of the sites under Article 6, paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Law on the Organization of the Black Sea Coast. They also provide information for the development of development schemes and general and detailed development plans, protection of the natural landscape and the sea coast from erosion, abrasion and landslide processes, protection of the cultural and historical heritage, development of investment projects, awarding of concession or renting out sea beaches and solving other tasks.

Content of vol. 27, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Content of vol. 27, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 27 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

International Editorial Board of vol. 27 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

MODEL FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN A MUNICIPALITY

Iliana Simeonova, Tsvetelina Metodieva — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Administrative security is critical to the effective functioning of government organisations. It is an attest component of governance and plays a key role in protecting public institutions. Bulgaria, with its distinctive geopolitical and historical context, represents a unique environment for exploring the conceptuality of administrative security and its functionality. Understanding and assessing administrative security is essential for the development and stability of the country.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL BALLISTIC PROTECTION MEANS USED IN THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR

Miroslav Dimitrov, Conyu Conev — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The present scientific paper presents a comparative analysis of the different types of individual ballistic protection devices, particularly focusing on body armor used in the high-intensity conflict between Russia and Ukraine. With the advancement of technologies and the introduction of new tactics in modern conflicts, losses of personnel significantly increased. The use of effective individual ballistic protection devices substantially reduces these losses. The report examines the following parameters to compare different types of body armor: class of ballistic protection, weight, protective area, and comfort in use. To conduct the analysis, available literary sources, military reports, and feedback from the personnel of the countries involved in the conflict were studied.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS RC2 AND TRIPLE DES IN ECB MODE USING CRYPTOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE PROGRAM CRYPTOOL

Petar Boyanov — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of symmetric key cryptographic algorithms, focusing on RC2 and Triple DES (ECB) as implemented in CrypTool. It is widely used educational software that demonstrates various cryptographic algorithms and methods. This paper aims to provide a foundational understanding of CrypTool, explain the functionalities of RC2 and Triple DES in Electronic Codebook (ECB) mode and evaluate their performance and security.

CONCEALING TEXT AND EXECUTABLE FILES IN JPG FORMAT FILES WITH A STEGANOGRAPHIC COMMAND-LINE TOOL IN THE OPERATING SYSTEM KALI LINUX

Petar Boyanov — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

In this scientific paper concealing text and executable files in JPG format files with a steganographic command-line tool in the Kali Linux operating system is presented. Among the myriad of steganographic tools, Steghide has gained prominence for its robust features and ease of use. Primarily focused on embedding and extracting secret messages within image files, the software tool Steghide enables users to encode text data within JPEG and BMP image formats while maintaining data integrity and minimizing visual alterations. This paper provides an in-depth examination of Steghide’s functionality, workflow, and security considerations in the context of digital steganography. It is also discussed the algorithms underpinning Steghide’s operations, its strengths, limitations and common use cases.

ABOUT WORK IN PROGRESS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTRALOGISTICS

Svetlozar Stoyanov — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The current paper attempts, briefly and in general terms, to present the need for work-in-progress for the normal flow of the production process. This ensures the rhythmicity and continuity of the flow of production. The basis for achieving these two characteristics is also the so-called reserve, which should be in sufficient quantity.

THE ROLE OF INFORMATION FLOWS IN THE OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT

Anton Antonov, Nikolai Nedev — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The management of transport flows is based on transmitting, receiving and processing the information related to them by applying the principles of the system approach. In a theoretical-applied aspect, it manifests itself as an economic activity for the development and implementation of methods for collecting, storing, processing and distributing information for specific functions and operations in transport infrastructure systems.

SIGNET RING WITH AN IMAGE OF A LILY FOUND AT THE SHUMEN VICINITY

Stella Doncheva, Nikolay Nikolov — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The subject of the presented work is a signet ring with an image of a heraldic lily. Only the main sealing part, filled with glass paste, in which the image is engraved, has been preserved from the object. The thin ring soldered to the tile is not preserved. The traces from the solder of the ring to the solder on the reverse side of the board are clearly visible. The latter has an elliptical shape with a scalloped outline and bud-like ornamentation above it. The central part of the object is occupied by a deep socket filled with greenish glass paste, in which the image of the heraldic lily is carved. Rings with images of lilies from the late Middle Ages are a whole group, and therefore this type of decoration can be considered one of the favorites of this period. Most of the ornaments are made entirely of metal, the more famous ones being silver and gold. The symbolic meaning of the lily is a reason for it to appear on various art monuments, such as the portraits of the founders from the church "St. Nicholas" in Stanichane (XIV century), the late medieval belts with appliqués in the shape of lilies from the territory of Bulgaria and many others . In this context, we can also place the current ring with an engraved image of a heraldic lily from the era of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, found in the vicinity of Shumen and the Shumen Fortress, whose most active life was precisely during this period.

DETERMINATION OF AN OBVIOUS FACTUAL ERROR IN A CADASTRAL MAP

Mirem Niyazi-Yusuf, Krasimira Kirilova, Kiril Yanchev — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The maps created of reinstated property after 1990 contain numerous errors. These errors have been transferred from the existing cadastral plans, comassation plans, land subdivision plan, aerial photo plans and a large-scale topographic maps created in the years 1964-1968. For the creation of maps of the reinstated property, the sources described above were used directly, without repeated aerial photography or deciphering of the objects as well as without the conduction of direct geodetic measurements [6, 8]. The presence of an obvious factual error is a relatively common phenomenon in the cadastral map. The same applies mainly to linear objects and it is quite possible to remove these errors. These errors can be corrected via separate projects for the specific errors, as well as via projects affecting a large part of land territory and even an entire land territory.

ACOUSTIC WAVES – SONAR EQUATION

Evgeni Stoykov — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The earliest methods used to directly measure water depth were the guide line (lead line) and drilling. Their simple principles of operation ensure their continued use for many centuries.

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Sabin Ivanov, Klaida Doychinova — Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The report shows ways to divide information systems into different types. Although the separation is artificial, it is important and is the basis for the formation of various GIS applications. Non-land GIS are focused on the population, housing policy, economic and political activity of the population.

Content of vol. 26, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Content of vol. 26, 2024, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 26 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0200

International Editorial Board of vol. 26 No. 1 (2024): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME LOAD TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES

Anton Antonov — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are key technologies in asset tracking and management. Although they may look similar at first glance, they have different characteristics, advantages and disadvantages that make them suitable for different applications.

DETERMINING THE QUANTITIES OF WASTE STREAMS

Iva Takova — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this research, we examine and distinguish the waste that is landfilled at the local level, this is the process by which unwanted and unnecessary waste is disposed of. We can distinguish them by defining and evaluating them properly. There is a law that states that municipal programs for waste management are sectoral programs and are an integral part of municipal programs for environmental protection. We will also consider the objectives guaranteeing the achievement of the general objective of the Plan. We will consider the equations by which the amount of household waste generated is determined.

ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC WHEN SYSTEMATIZING INFORMATION FLOWS IN LAN LOGISTICS

Stefan Kazakov — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The paper presents research of the traffic when systematizing information flows in logistics. Ethernet is one of the most popular networks, especially if equal access networks are to be built and maintained. Ethernet is widely used to control machines, production lines and even entire production plants. However, working in real-time mode sometimes creates conflicts in certain actuators which are time-sensitive to the commands sent to them. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the average delay time and time dispersion of the LAN Ethernet, to be able to meet the requirements for real-time operation in logistics.

A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN MODEL

Andrey Bogdanov — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Large varieties of mathematical programming models have been developed to provide decision support to the design engineer. The paper deals with some of the problems and offers practical solutions.

A MODERN SOLUTION THAT HAS A POSITIVE IMPACT ON LOGISTICS SERVICES AND SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES INTERSECTION FATALITIES

Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Year after year, the problems on the world's roads are getting worse. According to the UN Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) 2006 Report on the 1968 Geneva Convention "Road Signs and Signals", the rules are periodically updated to take into account the growing demands for human safety, environmental protection, and the rapid development of technological progress around the world (Report IEC UN, New York and Geneva, 2007). Unfortunately, for about a hundred years now, no drastic measures have been taken against the causes of road traffic accidents around the world. Our research is focused on reducing intersection congestion, traffic accidents, and related deaths. A new road sign and traffic light were invented. According to the conclusions of domestic and foreign scientists, the invented sign and traffic light should be a great success in practice.

STUDYING THE APPLICATION OF CAD/CAM/CAE SYSTEMS IN THE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS FOR PERSONAL BALLISTIC PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Stamen Antonov, Mariela Ivanova — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The article presents a study of the possibilities for applying the virtual set of tools for 3D modeling, manipulation, and testing of components that are part of individual ballistic protection equipment.

INVESTIGATING THE NETWORK TRAFFIC USING THE COMMAND-LINE PACKETS SNIFFER TCPDUMP IN KALI LINUX

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this scientific article a comprehensive investigation of the network traffic using the command-line packets sniffer Tcpdump in kali Linux is made.

BASIC NETWORK PENETRATION TESTING WITH THE NETWORK TOOL NETCAT IN LINUX-BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this scientific article a basic network penetration testing with the network tool Netcat in Linux-based operating systems is presented.

ON THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF SHUMEN FROM THE XIX CENTURY AND ON THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE CITY

Milena Georgieva — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

During the period XV – XIX century, Shumen was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire because of its strategic location, favorable weather and its natural defenses. In the 19th century, the residents of Shumen had the opportunity to develop modern trade, crafts, to apply technological innovations in their manufacturing, to improve the economy and the everyday lives of its population.

Content of vol. 25, 2023, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Content of vol. 25, 2023, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

International Editorial Board of vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

A MODEL FOR EVALUATING INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND ASSESSING ITS IMPACT ON INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES

Zuhran Kadieva, Krasimira Dimitrova — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Globalization covers all spheres of life and economy in the modern world. The innovative development of information and communication technologies is a key factor in maintaining the competitiveness of companies on local, regional and global markets, which, however, is associated with certain risks. Information systems contribute to increasing the productivity of companies by catalyzing innovation and thus organizations gain an advantage over other players in their market. This process over the last few decades has established itself as a determining factor in the global market. The innovative development strategy of companies leads to competitive recovery, expansion and consolidation of market positions. In the fight against competitors, companies are looking for new solutions to optimize business, introducing intelligent information technologies in order to reduce the probability of making incorrect management decisions that would lead to adverse consequences.

DISCOVERING WIRELESS NETWORKS VIA MODIFIED SCRIPTS IMPLEMENTING LINEAR ALGORITHMS FOR LINUX BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Petar Boyanov — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this scientific paper modified scripts, implementing linear algorithms for discovering wireless networks in Linux based operating systems are presented.

USING MODIFIED SNIFFER SCRIPTS, IMPLEMENTING LINEAR ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTION OF NETWORK PORT SCAN ATTACKS IN LINUX BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Petar Boyanov — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this scientific paper modified sniffer scripts, implementing linear algorithms for detection of network port scan attacks in Linux based operating systems are presented.

SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING OF TEMPERATURE, AIR HUMIDITY AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Krasimir Kordov, Stanislav Vichev — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In the present article, we present a system for monitoring the quality of air by measuring the temperature, air humidity and atmosphere pressure. The system uses Arduino microcontroller and BME280 for measuring and the obtained data is stored in database. The web based application provides real-time graphical representation of the data or the data for fixed period of time.

ANCIENT METALLURGY IN THE BULGARIAN LANDS

Stella Doncheva — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Ancient metallurgy is a broad concept and is associated both with mining and metalworking, and in many cases is evidence of their existence. Data on metalworking are indirect evidence of the development of mining. Metal implements, weapons, and ornaments were the most mobile material, and metal and its articles were one of the main objects of ancient barter. The development of metallurgy became one of the main drivers of economic life during different historical eras, and the territory of Bulgaria is no exception, but on the contrary, it is one of the places where this activity originated and developed for centuries.

ENGINEERING DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHAELOGICAL EXCAVATIONS OF THE SITE “EARLY (WOODEN) FORTIFICATION” IN THE INNER CITY OF PLISKA AS PART OF THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

Svetlozar Stoyanov — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The current paper presents briefly and in general terms the horizontal geodesic survey done by angle measurement, as well as the engineering documentation of the results of the stage from the archaeological excavations of the site “Early (wooden) fortification“ in the Inner city of Pliska in 2019.

HYDROGRAPHIE SOME FACTUAL AND LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF THE FENOMENON “TRAFFICING IN HUMAN BEINGS”

Yana Nikolova — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The report examines some factual and legal aspects of the fenomenon of human trafficking.The factual and normative manifestations are considered as interpenetrating indivisibility. The legal essence of the crime “human trafficking” is clarified, and its main composition is analyzed. Parallels have been drawn with nearby phenomena, somethimes leading to trafficking – migration and channeling. The social aspects of the phenomenon are analyzed and a multidisciplinary approach is proposed to deal with the problem threatening migrationnational security.

A CRYPTOGRAPHY COMPETITION FOR STUDENTS

Lyuba Petrova — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

This article presents the processes of preparation and holding of a cryptography competition among fifth and sixth-graders. The objectives of the games are to introduce the science of cryptography to the students, to develop their logical thinking, creativity, competitive spirit and teamwork skills. By having fun, they were able to develop themselves.

HYDROGRAPHIE ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS - MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES

Evgeni Stoykov — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Hydrography is an applied science that deals with the study of the bottom and shores of the world ocean (all oceans and seas), lakes, rivers and dams, i.e. all natural and artificial water bodies. Hydrographic research is the study of individual areas of the hydrosphere, including the design, implementation of hydrographic works, processing and analysis of the collected data.

INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGES

Neli Zdravcheva — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The article analyzes various methods and approaches of modern remote sensing that can be used in the processing of multispectral satellite images in order to effectively extract visual information about territories for which preliminary data is not available. Attention is paid to the creation of new derivative images (synthesized and indexed) and to performing pixel-oriented computer non supervised classification. A series of experiments have been made that clearly reveal the advantages and conveniences of remote retrieval of information from multispectral satellite images in a territory for which reference objects and other data acquired in situ are not available.

FACADE SURVEYING USING TRADITIONAL ANGULARLINEAR MEASUREMENTS AND 2D SOFTWARE

Ivan Ivanov — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

To solve complex urban planning and architectural-artistic tasks related to the determination of the spatial location of the existing external elements of the building, in practice it is often necessary to carry out geodetic surveying of building facades. Photographing facades is used in reconstructions of buildings or restorations of cultural monuments, preservation of cultural heritage, photographing archaeological sites, carrying out various types of research activities and analyses, designing suspended facades, cladding and joinery, preparing a working layout plan etc.

ABOUT THE CHOICE OF PARAMETERS WHEN REPRESENTING THE NORMAL EARTH AS A REFERENCE FRAME IN GEODESY

Krasimira Kirilova, Kiril Yanchev — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

When using the Normal Earth as a reference frame, it is allowed to choose its parameters approximately, provided that there will be no difficulties in linearizing the boundary values. In many cases, however, it is convenient to find specific solutions corresponding to the selection of the Normal Earth parameters best suited to the real Earth. Thus, it is of interest to determine, as far as possible, the exact values of these parameters.

PROPERTY REGISTRY. CREATION AND CONTENT

Mirem Niyazi-Yusuf — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The property register is a data system for real estate on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria and consists of the lots of individual properties. It contains the acts that recognize, transfer, amend or terminate the right of ownership or other real right to real estate. The foreclosures and mortgages of NI are included in the property register. The register shows the status of the specified circumstances after the last entry and makes it possible to follow chronologically the changes in the entered circumstances, as well as the entered acts. In the Property Register inquiries can be made about the ownership of the properties, the owners and the real rights and restrictions on them. Inquiries in the register can be made on-site at the registration offices in the country or via the Internet after payment of a fee specified in the price list and registration of the user.

Content of vol. 24, 2023, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Content of vol. 24, 2023, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 24 No. 1 (2023): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0200

International Editorial Board of vol. 24 No. 1 (2023): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

ALGORITHM OF OPERATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF BULGARIAN POSTS PLC

Anatoli Stoyanov, Stefan Kazakov, Veselina Kodzheykova — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The report examines the main activities of the management technology of Bulgarian Posts and defines the organization and factors of management processes. The proposed algorithm aims to validate these interconnected relationships that make up a logistics system. An approach was adopted for mathematical modeling of operations and criteria for evaluating socio-economic indicators.

CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION FLOWS IN LOGISTICS

Stefan Kazakov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The report presents a traffic study of information flows in logistics in a local area network built according to the 802.3 standard. The study of network performance is according to the number of computers in communication.

A COMPREHENSIVE SCANNING FOR OPEN, CLOSED AND FILTERED PORTS IN THE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper a comprehensive scanning for open, closed and filtered ports in the computer systems and networks is made.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MODIFIED NETWORK PORT SCANNER FOR WINDOWS BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper a modified network port scanner for Windows based operating systems implementing a linear algorithm is developed.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR NETWORK PORT SCANNING IN ANDROID BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper implementation of software application using linear algorithm for network port scanning in android based operating systems is made.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MODIFIED SCRIPT FOR LINUX BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS USING A LINEAR ALGORITHM FOR NETWORK PORT SCANNING

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The Python programming language has various module libraries for network scanning of hosts. In this paper the performance and implementation of a modified script for Linux based operating systems using a linear algorithm for network port scanning is presented.

INACCURACIES IN AREA OBJECTS TRANSFERRED FROM THE MAP OF THE RESTORED PROPERTY TO THE CADASTRAL MAP

Mirem Niyazi-Yusuf — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The cadastral map and cadastral registers are created under conditions of maximum use of the existing map of the restored property and the current cadastral plans of the settlements. In the practice of the Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Agency - in the process of creating a cadastral map and cadastral registers and maintaining the already approved cadastral map and cadastral registers in an up-to-date state, discrepancies are found in the non-urbanized territory, which are transferred to the cadastral map and cadastral registers registers from the restored property map.

REMOTE SENSING OF THE STATE OF THE VEGETATION COVER OF THE TERRITORY OF THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA

Neli Zdravcheva — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

This paper is devoted to the multispectral processing of satellite images in order to establish the actual state of the vegetation cover. As a result of conducted experiments, the vegetation on the territory of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast was studied. For this purpose, new indexed images have been generated from appropriately selected multispectral images, which visually reveal the actual state of the vegetation cover and provide objective and timely data. They could serve to manage and other decisions (in the field of ecology, forestry, agriculture, etc.), for environmental assessments and expertise, for scientific research and other projects.

GEODETIC BASIS WHEN PERFORMING MARINE HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS

Evgeni Stoykov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Geodetic network is the set of permanently stabilized points on the earth's surface, the position of which is determined in a single coordinate and altitude system (X, Y and H) accepted in a given country. When creating geodetic networks, the basic principle from the "general to the private" must be respected, i.e. one must go from the "big to the small".

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STUDY, PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

Sabin Ivanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The new technologies, which will be briefly described below, provide opportunities for documenting cultural and historical structures as a whole and individual details with absolute accuracy and credibility, completely eliminating the subjective factor, speed, representativeness, usability in design.

Content of vol. 23, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Content of vol. 23, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 23 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

International Editorial Board of vol. 23 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

ANALYSIS OF RFID SYSTEMS IN LOGISTICS

Anton Antonov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The application of radio frequency identification is constantly expanding. The technology is sought in industries where control over the movement of objects, intelligent automation solutions, the ability to work in harsh working conditions, trouble-free operation, speed and reliability are required. By applying RFID, it is possible to track the movement of goods in real time, speed up the process of receiving and sending goods, increase the reliability and transparency of operations, and reduce the influence of the human factor.

OVERVIEW OF THE MODULES FOR BUILDING A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Daniel Denev — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Recent technological advances have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power and multifunctional sensor devices. These nodes are autonomous devices with integrated sensing, processing, and communication capabilities. A sensor is an electronic device that is capable of detecting environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, chemicals, or the presence of certain objects. Sensors are generally equipped with data processing and communication capabilities. The sensing circuitry measures parameters from the environment surrounding the sensor and transforms them into electric signals

TESTING AMD RYZEN MICROPROCESSOR AND ITS ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Daniel Denev — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper, we show a case study of Ryzen processor energy efficiency using SPECjbb2015 as the workload. We analyze it in comparison to Phenom II, a CPU of previous generation from the same manufacturer AMD. In terms of maxi-mum transaction throughput, Ryzen performs 218% of Phenom. With the response time constraint, the relative performance of Ryzen is 288%. In the energy efficiency, Ryzen achieves 309% (at maximum throughput) and 389% (with response time constraints) of Phenom. Dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) is effective for reducing the power consumption of both processors, but the load levels at which DFS is most effective are quite different.

SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF LINEAR, DISCRETE AND TIMEINVARIANT SYSTEMS, USED IN THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATIONS, USING MATLAB AND SIGNAL PROCESSING TOOLBOX

Daniel Denev, Tsvetoslav Tsankov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Synthesis and Analysis of Linear Discrete Time-Invariant Systems Applied in Communications Using MATLAB and Signal Processing Toolbox: The paper presents the main steps in the process of synthesizing and analyzing linear discrete time-invariant systems applied in the field of communications. The simulation results of the systems implementing pre-emphasis and de-emphasis and removing DC offset are given in the paper such as impulse responses, frequency responses and pole-zero plots using MATLAB and Signal Processing Toolbox.

MODEL OF A TERMINAL NETWORK DEVICE BASED ON A SINGLE-CHIP MICROCONTROLLER AND ETHERNET INTERFACE

Daniel Denev, Tsvetoslav Tsankov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Model of a terminal network device based on a single-chip microcontroller and Ethernet interface: In the present work, a training model of a terminal network device based on a single-chip microcontroller and Ethernet interface is built, allowing the implementation of various functional tasks:

⎯ reading of digital and analog sensors
⎯ relay output control
⎯ visualization of information with digital – alphanumeric display

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMMABLE DEVICES WITH ANALOG AND DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

Milen Petkov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In the present article, single-board programmable devices suitable for control of automation processes are considered. A comparative analysis of specific models of the most common single-board computers, suitable for this purpose.

PROTECTION AGAINST THE ELECTROMAGNETIC STRENGTH OF THE RADIO WAVES IN COMMUNICATION RADIO NETWORKS

Dragomir Vasilev — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper presents protection methods against Electromagnetic straight of the radio waves in communication radio networks. Examples of personal protective equipment for monitoring EMF when working near transmitting devices. Personal Monitor. When an electric current flows through the human body, cells and tissues prevent the movement of charged particles. The value of the resistance depends on the type and condition of the cells, the value and frequency of the applied voltage and the duration.

ANALYSIS AND MONITORING THE NETWORK TRAFFIC IN THE PROCESS OF CONNECTING TO INDUSTRIAL SIEMENS CONTROLLERS

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper analysis and monitoring of network traffic in the process of connecting to industrial Siemens controllers in the Faculty of Technical Sciences is made.

THE CHANGE OF IDENTITY-PROCESS FROM THE SOCIAL SYSTEM

Tsvetelina Metodieva — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

According to scientific experts, in the coming years humanity will be in a process of general demographic transition, after which either the population of the planet will stabilize or an era of slight, prolonged and monotonous decline will begin. The reason for all this is the anthropogenic flow, which is gradually becoming an object of state administration, and at the same time is at the center of the scientific report.

TYPES OF MIGRATION

Tsvetelina Metodieva — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Migration in Europe is not a new phenomenon. It is estimated that in 1945 there were over 40 million refugees and internally displaced persons in Europe. The military conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa over the last few years, as well as the war in Ukraine, have created a huge wave of refugees heading for the Old Continent.

ERROR IN DETERMINING THE PERMANENT CORRECTION OF THE MEASURED DISTANCE BY A GROUND LASER SCANNER

Kiril Yanchev — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The subject of the research is to make a correct assessment of the error in determining the constant correction of the measured distance and to choose a model for their removal, which will allow achieving the required accuracy and high productivity with minimal material costs when performing laser measurements.

THE INFLUENCE OF TURBOLITY ON LASER SIGNALS

Kiril Yanchev — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The subject of the research is to make a correct assessment of the vibrations and to choose a model for their elimination, which will allow achieving the required accuracy and high productivity with minimal material costs when performing laser measurements.

THE INFLUENCE OF AIR DENSITY ON RECEIVED LASER SIGNALS

Kiril Yanchev — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The subject of the research is to make a correct assessment of the atmospheric parameters and to choose a model for their removal, achieving the required accuracy and high productivity with minimal material costs when conducting laser measurements.

METHOD FOR BUILDING A WORKING GEODETIC NETWORK OF REFLECTIVE MARKS FOR CONSTRUCTION NEEDS

Petyo Spasov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The work in the implementation of construction works for large production buildings, residential complexes, airports, sports complexes, examination of deformations and many other activities that require precise geodetic measurements can be optimized during and quality through the creation and use of geodetic reflective marks. The article discusses how to stabilize and measure the working base and part of the processing theory.

MONITORING OF THE STATUS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES

Sabin Ivanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The topic of cultural heritage and its preservation has always been part of the public and professional debate about the development of the regions and their future. In the territorial planning of modern settlements as the duty of specialists is the entry of history into the modern urban structure and spaces. The problems in the management of territories occupied by cultural monuments are dictated rather by the lack of a single and sustainable practice valid for all sites, which ensures security and sustainable development with a balanced protection of the interests of all those affected.

CARCINOMA GLANDULAE PAROTIS AND BLOOD GROUP AFFILIATION

Maria Boycheva, Biljana Boycheva, Velislav Todorov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The current study included 83 patients with Ca glandulae parotis (72 men and 11 women) whose blood group affiliation to the AB0 and Rhesus factor systems was monitored. A comparison was made with a control group of healthy individuals from the modern Bulgarian population. The distribution of the blood groups in the sample was different from that of the control group (p <0.001). There was a significant increase in the prevalence of persons with blood group B (p <0.001), and a significant decrease in groups 0 (p <0.001) and A (p <0.05). In group AB, a slight increase in frequency was detected. With respect to the Rhesus factor, there was an increase in the patients with positive Rhesus factor - by 9.23% to 93.94% (p<0.05). It can be assumed that, among other risk factors, belonging to group B and having a positive Rhesus factor are one of the reasons for the appearance and development of the disease.

Content of vol. 22, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Content of vol. 22, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research

International Editorial Board of vol. 22 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

Petar Boyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

International Editorial Board of vol. 22 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research

DETERMINATION OF CRITERIA FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF AUTOMATION AND PRESENTATION OF RELATED FACTORS

Svetla Peeva — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The object of definition of the present development are the criteria for efficiency from the implementation of automated equipment, and the accompanying risk assessment factors. The presentation of the three main variants of automation and their comparison with its social and economic efficiency, aims to facilitate the selection of the appropriate configuration of technological units to meet real human needs and protect business interests.

IMPACT REPORTING THE RESULTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATED EQUIPMENT ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF COMPANIES

Svetla Peeva — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The present study aims to show the direct and indirect impact of process automation on the degree of competitiveness of a company. The subject of comparison are the approaches in the choice of a model of technological equipment and the social and economic efficiency. The relationship between benefits and risks in making such important for business development decisions is analyzed.

ARCHEOLOGICAL DRAWINGS WHEN GRAPHIC ENGINEERING DOCUMENTING OF EXCAVATIONS AT OBJECTS WITH CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE

Svetlozar Stoyanov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The suggested paper tries go present in brief and in general the types of archeological drawings when graphic engineering documenting of excavations at objects with cultural and historical heritage.

ANALYSIS OF THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OUTSOURCING

Yordanka Yankova –Yordanova — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

With outsourcing growth expected in the years to come, it is time to learn more about this topic. Before we move forward, it’s imperative to compare the pros and cons of outsourcing. And it's also very important to understand the effect outsourcing can have on companies.

ANALYSIS OF A STEGANOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR HIDING ONE IMAGE IN ANOTHER IMAGE USING MATLAB AND IMAGE PROCESSING TOOLBOX

Daniel Denev — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Analysis of a Steganographic Method for Hiding an Image into a Cover Image Using MATLAB and Image Processing Toolbox: The paper presents an algorithm for hiding a 24-bit color image in bmp format in another 24-bit color image also in bmp format. The algorithm is based on the least-significant bit method and is implemented using MATLAB and Image Processing Toolbox. This algorithm can be applied for 100% reconstruction of the hidden image when four cover images are used.

ANALYSIS OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR OPTICAL CABLES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERWATER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

Daniel Denev, Tsvetoslav Tsankov — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Analysis of the requirements for underwater transmission systems using optical fibers: The purpose of this article is to explain the fundamentals of the optical fibers for underwater placement. The specific requirements for the creation of underwater transmission systems are defined by the extreme environment. A general analysis of the current optic fiber has been conducted and their main characteristics are presented

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT IN CITIES AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS

Dragomir Vasilev — Sat, 25 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper presents Electromagnetic Environment in cities. It noted that in the field of living hygiene, the concept of "risk" and safety of life is not sufficiently developed. This situation is preserved to this day, which creates real preconditions for the formation of unfavorable living conditions with damage to the health of the population. It was not until 1996 that the first hygiene standards for EMF levels were used when using consumer goods at home.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

Dragomir Vasilev — Sat, 25 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper presents biological effect of the Electromagnetic field. The human body consists of cells, tissues, organs with different electrical characteristics. When an electric current flows through the human body, cells and tissues prevent the movement of charged particles. The value of the resistance depends on the type and condition of the cells, the value and frequency of the applied voltage and the duration.

USING VMWARE VSPHERE HYPERVISOR ESXI 6.5.0 FOR VIRTUALIZATION OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM KALI LINUX (64- BIT) FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES IN THE FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES

Petar Boyanov — Sat, 25 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper using VMware vSphere hypervisor ESXi 6.5.0 for virtualization of the operating system Kali Linux (64-bit) for educational purposes in the Faculty of Technical Sciences is made.

VIRTUALIZATION OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM MICROSOFT WINDOWS 10 (64-BIT) VIA VMWARE VSPHERE HYPERVISOR ESXI 6.5.0 FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES IN THE FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES

Petar Boyanov — Sat, 25 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper virtualization of the operating system Microsoft Windows 10 (64-bit) via VMware vSphere Hypervisor ESXi 6.5.0 for educational purposes in well-equipped laboratories at the Faculty of Technical Sciences at the Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen is made.

THE ORGANIZATION AS A SUBJECT OF STUDY

Yana Nikolova — Sat, 25 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The article examines the main internal mechanisms that build social organizations and nuances the differences between the structures in the state apparatus and the corporations.

POSSIBILITIES FOR ADAPTING SECURITY CULTURE MODEL AND ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR THE CORPORATE SECTOR

Vladimir Yankov — Sat, 25 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Each organization forms a unique organizational culture in accordance with the intentions and behavior of management, social and business environment in which it operates, the characteristics of employees, the presence of subcultures, etc. The characteristics of the organizational culture that are relevant to security form the security culture in that organization. It is important to implement security culture model and assessment tools for proper management of the human factors involved in security. This article explores the possibilities to adapt the existing models of security culture and the tools for its assessment for the needs of corporate sector.

MIGRATION AND SECURITY

Tsvetelina Metodieva — Sat, 25 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The history of mankind is inextricably linked to the migration of huge masses of people from their native places to other territories. Migration is a set of different in nature territorial displacements of the population, which lead to a change of residence. Despite the constraints posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, migrants continue to make secret journeys, fleeing war, violence and poverty.